Gender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality - 855 Words

In general, the wage gap has narrowed at a slow, and uneven, pace over last three decades. Recent data shows that women in the American workforce earn 77 cents for every dollar a man earns (Trevino). The existence of this â€Å"gender wage gap† has been an issue since women entered the workforce. The ongoing issue of the past has now become an apparent problem in our modern-day, progressive society. Women nowadays have opportunities that were not obtainable in past decades but must overcome, or ignore, the barrier of being punished in the long run for simply being a woman. While there have been major progresses in breaking through the norms and social constructs, women face other challenges, including discrimination and sexism (Gender). Despite the ongoing struggle to reach wage equality between the sexes through various legislative initiatives and the ever increasing involvement of women in the American workforce, the wage gap has only closed by a marginal 15 percent over th e last four decades (Dale and Levine). The occupations that have been chosen to compare are social workers, which are comprised of 80.6 % women Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists, which has a trend of being more gender neutral with 47.5 % employed being women, and surveying and mapping technicians, a male dominated position with only 4.3 % being women (Women). The education requirements for the first two occupations are similar with bachelor’s degrees being the norm; the thirdShow MoreRelatedGender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality1740 Words   |  7 PagesThe gender wage gap is defined as the relative difference in earnings between men and women in the economy as a whole. For every dollar a man makes, his female counterpart makes roughly seventy-seven cents. Even if a men and women have the same educational background and work history the man will go home with a higher paycheck than the woman. This may actually lead to tension in the workplace and cau se conflict in the office. This also includes female dominated industries- most notably, nursingRead MoreGender Wage Gap Inequality And Gender Inequality Essay1880 Words   |  8 PagesArmando Suqui-Carchi Professor Pantano English 201 13 December 2016 Gender Wage Gap Inequality The gender wage inequality topic is one that has quietly laid in Americas closet of problems for decades. A female worker in Louisiana makes on average an alarming sixty-six cents compared to the dollar a man makes in twenty sixteen. When a father comes home after a forty-hour long work week making fifteen dollars an hour, he will open up a paycheck to six hundred dollars. When a mother comes home afterRead MoreGender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality1738 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gender Wage Gap is defined as the different amounts of money that is paid to women and men, often for doing the same work. Women who work full time, year round earn 77 cents for every dollar that men earn. Over a year women make $11,500 less than men and throughout their life this wage gap can affect women by making them earn anywhere from $400,000-$2 million less than men do. (Miller 2008, 6) The wage gap varies for women of different races. On average African-American women are paid 60 centsRead MoreGender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality2164 Words   |  9 Pages Throughout history, discrimination has wielded its ugly head in many different forms. Things such as, but not limited to, race, religion, appearance, beliefs and gender have consistently oppressed minorities. A continual discrimination that the women of the world are dealing with takes place in what has been promised to be a fair and unprejudiced environment: the work place. This issue deals with women not being paid the same amount of money as men even though they may be equally, if not more soRead MoreThe Wage Gap And Gender Inequality Essay1760 Words   |  8 PagesINTRODUCTION Women as a minority group concerning the wage gap, also known as the gender pay gap, is an older phenomenon that has gradually become more of a topic of concern since the 1960s. The wage gap is recognized as the difference between male and female earnings that is identified as a percentage of male earnings. In 1963 the Equal Pay Act was instituted declaring that it would be illegal to pay women lower wages simply based on their gender. The wage gap remains a popular area of active and innovativeRead MoreGender Wage Gaps And Gender Inequality1115 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Boris Hirsch and associates, gender wage gaps should vary among densely populated regions and less densely populated regions. Using an estimating Mincerian earnings function that controls for individual characteristics and reflecting the productivity of the worker, we are able to get the ceteris paribus of the gender pay gap that will not be able to be explained by any differences in the productivity of work ers. They also used the approach developed by Oaxaca and Blinder which estimatedRead MoreGender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality Essay912 Words   |  4 Pagespay† by Lanier Isom is about the gender wage gap. The gender wage gap is the difference between male and female earnings. Isom basically states in this article that the wage gap exists because of gender, however many experts state that the wage gap simple does exists do to a factor such as gender, but of multiple factors. These factors being that the statistics presented in favor of a Wage gap are incorrect and manipulated to seem correct. That the so called wage gap may be in fact do to the choiceRead MoreGender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesGender Wage Gap Lydia Ogles November 2016 Introduction/Abstract The gender wage gap has been a nationwide problem since women were able to enter the workforce. Women have begun to speak out more about the issue and evaluate what they can do to change the industries and how they personally present themselves to help this change. Currently there is a wide range of opinions on this issue, with some saying it does not exist while others think it will ruin the economy if not fixed immediately. This makesRead MoreGender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality1697 Words   |  7 Pagesto be paid less wages than men, but this paper will argue in the U.S. today the gender wage gap still exists. The definition of gender wage gap as stated by the U.S. government is defined as women who work full time or salary based jobs who receive less earnings than their male counterparts who work equal level jobs (â€Å"Equal Pay,† n.d.).[] This analysis will focus on the years of 2012 to 2014, and in these years it is clear that the gender wage gap exists. The topic of gender wage gap sociologicallyRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Wage Gap2375 Words   |  10 PagesThis is known as gender income difference i.e. the ratio of female to male median yearly earnings among full time year round workers. It is also the average difference between men’s and women’s hourly earnings, the gender pay gap has grown from 14.8 per cent last year to 19.7per cent this year, overtime not included.( Warren 2005) .Studies have shown that this gap has increased over the years, hence widening the gap in the society. These figures must act as a wake-up call for the government. Women’s

The Help By Kathryn Stockett - 1489 Words

The Help written by Kathryn Stockett takes place during the 1960s in Jackson, Mississippi where Stockett grew up. Stockett takes inspiration from the segregation witnessed in her hometown and the African American maid Demetrie, with whom she grew up with, to write a passionate yet controversial novel in which she depicts the struggle between whites and blacks along with the emotional struggle that the main characters endure throughout the novel. The Help has been widely renowned, yet disputable, as Stockett uses the different aspects of life in the south that she grew up with to write a fictional yet realistic account of segregation during the period of the Civil Rights Movement. The Help is told from the perspectives of three different†¦show more content†¦Stockett’s main purpose for writing The Help was to portray the difficult situation of the segregated south, and to write about â€Å"the affection between a black person and a white one in the unequal world of segregation† (Newsmakers 1). Stockett began to write the novel after the 9-11 attacks as in â€Å"that moment of fear generated by the terrorist attacks in New York, Stockett began to write for comfort† (Newsmakers 1). Not only did she write The Help as a means of describing the life she grew up in, but she also wrote it as a means of finding consolation during rough times in the U.S. Stockett is able to successfully reach her audience by using Demetrie as a means of inspiration for Aibileen and Minny, and by giving the readers a firsthand account of the segregation in the 1960s from the experiences in her own life. She adeptly is able to â€Å"locate racist behavior i n the most ignoble characters†, while also being able to â€Å"sentimentalize relationships between black workers and their white employers† (Smith 26). Stockett uses the character of Skeeter to bridge the relationships between whites and blacks by drawing on Skeeter’s aspirations as a writer with â€Å"ideas [she] thought [were] worthy journalism material† and the relationship she had with her former maid Constantine (Stockett 72). Skeeter was very close with Constantine, and Stockett goes above

Discourse Analysis Features of Context Free Essays

Name: Duong Hong Anh Group: 06. 1. E1 Date: 01/02/2010 —————————————————————————————————— Discourse Analysis Assignment 1 Text: [pic] [pic] Features of context 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Discourse Analysis Features of Context or any similar topic only for you Order Now Addressor: a BBC journalist 2. Addressee: the US readers 3. Audience: online readers 4. Topic: US to resume shortly Haiti medical evacuation flights 5. Setting: place: in a column of online BBC newspaper; time: February 2nd, 2010 6. Channel: writing 7. Code: Standard American English 8. Message-form: journal article . Event: BBC news 10. Key: informative, updated 11. Purpose: to inform about actions of the USA government to help Haiti and some other related issues. ———————– US to resume shortly Haiti medical evacuation flights The United States will resume within hours emergency evacuation flights for critically injured Haitian quake victims, the White House has said. The airlifts stopped last Wednesday because of what Washington described as â€Å"logistical issues†. Doctors warned scores of people would die if the flights did not resume soon. Meanwhile, some of the Haitian children identified as orphans by a group of Americans who were taking them abroad may have parents, it has emerged. Haiti imposed new controls on the movement of children following the 12 January earthquake that killed up to 200,000 people. Officials fear that orphans are now particularly vulnerable to being abducted and sold for adoption. Also on Sunday, the UN’s World Food Programme (WFP) began a large-scale aid distribution at 16 sites across Haiti’s capital, aiming to feed two million people. Only women will be allowed to collect the 25kg (55lb) rice ration, enough to feed a family for two weeks. ‘On track’ White House spokesman Tommy Vietor said in a statement on Sunday evening: â€Å"Having received assurances that additional capacity exists both here and among our international partners, we determined that we can resume these critical flights. † â€Å"The flights are on track to resume in the next 12 hours. Patients are being identified for transfer, doctors are making sure that it is safe for them to fly, and we are preparing specific in-flight paediatric care aboard the aircraft where needed. Mr Vietor said the US government had worked with international partners, NGO’s and US states to increase capacity to treat the Haitian patients. Hundreds of patients with spinal injuries, burns and other wounds have been flown on US military planes to America since the quake. Most of them have been treated in Florida. But the US halted the so-called m ercy flights on Wednesday. A White House spokesman told the BBC the move was due to â€Å"logistical issues†, not over medical costs as had been reported earlier. Last week, Florida Governor Charlie Crist warned President Barack Obama’s administration that the state’s â€Å"healthcare system is quickly reaching saturation, especially in the area of high-level trauma care†. Mr Crist also asked the federal government to activate the National Disaster Medical System, which usually pays for victims’ care in domestic disasters. ‘Hungry and dehydrated’ On Sunday, SOS Children’s Villages international charity said at least one of the 33 Haitian youngsters whom the Americans had tried to take out of Haiti, a little girl, insisted her parents were alive. Charity spokesman George Willeit told journalists the girl said she had believed she was being taken to a boarding school or summer camp. Mr Willeit also said many of the children had been found to be in poor health, hungry and dehydrated. One of the smallest – just two or three months old – was so dehydrated she had to be taken to hospital, he added. Haitian authorities said none of the children had documentation or proof they were actually parentless. ‘Mistake’ The 10 Americans, who are now in police custody in Port-au-Prince, said they were taking them to an orphanage in neighbouring Dominican Republic. The five men and five women, from Idaho-based charity New Life Children’s Refuge, were stopped while travelling on a bus with the children on the border with neighbouring Dominican Republic. They said the youngsters had all lost their parents in the quake. Laura Silsby, the group’s leader, said the arrests were the result of a mistake. â€Å"Our understanding was that we were told by a number of people, including Dominican authorities, that we would be able to bring the children across,† she said. The mistake we made is that we didn’t understand there was additional paperwork required. † But the BBC’s Rupert Wingfield-Hayes, in Port-au-Prince, says the regulations are very clear – each case of child adoption must be approved by the government. Even before the earthquake, he adds, child-smuggling was a massive problem in Haiti, with thousands of children disappearing each year. (Source: http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/americas/8490469. stm , retrieved on Feb 2nd 2010) How to cite Discourse Analysis Features of Context, Papers

Responsibilities And Performance

Question: Determine Own Responsibilities And Performance. Answer: It is very important for a student to understand his responsibilities in order to be successful in life. I would classify my responsibilities in the following 3 categories: Personal responsibility: It is important for complete a given task with honesty and integrity. A student should inculcate the habit of being punctual. A student should not lie or make excuses if he commits a mistake. Comply with the policies of the institute and follow the code of conduct laid down by the institute. Utilize the resources provided by the institute in the best possible way and should not indulge in any kind of wastage (Croucher, 2011). All the lectures and lab sessions should be attended by the student. He should not be absent without any valid reason. A student should not be involved in any kind of crime or unlawful activity like possession of illegal weapons or drugs. Students should make ethical behavior a part of their personality. It is very important to learn the difference between right and wrong. Students should exercise their right to vote and choose the deserving candidate (Clancy, 2007). Maintain a balance between academics and extra-curricular activities. He should have value for money and never spend money unnecessarily. Ability to learn and develop: A student should be attentive in a lecture and follow the instructions of the teacher. And he should score well in exams. There should be active participation in class activities, practical labs, seminars, debates, quizzes etc. Should be any part of a club or society like dance, music, theatre, personality development etc. This will help to develop skills apart from the academic skills (Andrews and Russell, 2012). Take each assignment very seriously. And the student should complete the assignment within the given deadline. Seek advice from seniors, professors and parents when in a state of doubt. Establishing and maintaining direct and indirect relationships: Respect the professors and seniors. Communicate with fellow students and juniors in a respectful manner. Should have good verbal and non-verbal communication skills. He should help others when required. It is very important for a person to understand the others person perspective and respect their opinion and understand the importance of teamwork (Clancy, 2007). A student should not indulge in discrimination or bias on the basis of color, race, gender, religion etc. It is very important for students to set objectives for themselves in order to make their life meaningful. The objectives should be SMART (Jung, 2007). S- Specific M-Measurable A-Attainable R-Realistic T-Timely Responsibility: Attendance Performance Objective: To achieve a minimum of 90% attendance in each subject for the duration of 1 month (Clancy, 2007). Responsibility: Value money Performance Objective: To bring down daily expenditure to 100 $ for 1 month. Responsibility: Academic scores Performance Objective: To score a minimum of 80% score in all assignments to be submitted in 1 month. Responsibility: Meet deadlines Performance Objective: To complete all assignments and presentations within the given deadline in 1 month along with maintaining the quality of work. Responsibility: Improve communication skills Performance Objective: Improve verbal and non-verbal communication skills and participate in 2 debate competitions in 1 month. Responsibility: Teamwork Performance Objective: Form a team of 5 people and prepare a presentation on the legal aspects of business in 15 days with the contribution of each team member. Motivation is an important factor in improving performance. According to Herzbergs theory of motivation, it is important to improve motivation and hygiene factors. Proper feedback should be given regarding performance indicators. The person should be appreciated when there is an improvement in performance indicator (Lauzier and Haccoun, 2014). For example, if there is an increase in average attendance from 75% to 80%, the person should be appreciated so that he feels valued. According to the Expectancy theory, people become motivated when they believe that they will get the desired reward if their objective is met. Thus to motivate a person, it is very important to give him the desired reward. For example, a movie ticket is given to a student if the average score is 90% in all his assignments. Student of the month certificate to a student if the average attendance is above 90% for 1 month (Lauzier and Haccoun, 2014). Three-dimensional theory of attribution suggests that proper feedback should be given. This will prevent them from assuming that their failure is due to some uncontrollable factor and their success is dependent on controllable factors. Recognition is an important tool for inspiring people (Miller, Biggart and Newton, 2013). For example, a student who scores an average of 95% in all the assignments is given the title of student of the month. Providing incentives is a good way of motivating people. The incentives can be financial like cash prize, food coupons, etc. or non-financial like appreciation. Performance measurement tools are used to measure the performance against set objectives. In industries, various tools like KPIs, performance appraisals (360-degree feedback, management by objective, forced distribution, performance ranking), dashboards, six sigma, benchmarking, rating scales, self-assessment, balanced scorecard are used for performance management. As per the performance dashboard for 4th July 2016 to 8th July 2016, the average attendance for all the subjects is 85% against the target of 90%. The average daily expenditure is 120$ against the target of 100$. The average score for all the submitted assignments is 75% against the target of 80%. 360 Feedback has been used to measure performance related to deadlines, communication skills, and teamwork. As per the feedback obtained from juniors, seniors, class fellows and professors, there is an improvement in communication skills and team work but deadlines have not been met for some assignment (Nielsen and Hohnen, 2014). As per the graphic rating method, on a scale of 1-5, communication skills have been rated as 4, teamwork has been rated as 4 and meeting deadlines has been rated as 3. 1 stands for poor and 5 stands for excellence. There is always a scope of improvement. Following are the recommendations to improve performance: Fostering teamwork- Teamwork can help us understand concepts in a better way. Group studies can help in improving academic scores. Continuous learning- We should keep on attending workshops, seminars and training sessions. For example, personality development workshops can help us improve communication skills and interpersonal skills. Time management- Time management is very important for completing the assignments within given deadlines (Nielsen and Hohnen, 2014). Recognize achievements- People should be recognized and appreciated if they achieve their desired objectives. Frequent feedback- Continuous feedbacks are required for improvement. Motivation in the form of incentives- Financial or non-financial incentives can be given to encourage people. Evaluate performance variance and conduct RCA- Difference between desired performance and actual performance gives variance. Root Cause Analysis should be done for not achieving the objectives (Cockburn, 2013). Be Able To Develop Interpersonal And Transferrable Skills Since there is a shortage of staff in the hotel, it is important to address the issue otherwise it may result in loss of revenue or have a negative impact on the services offered to customers. (A.1) Hello Kelly We are trying to hire new staff for our hotel. We do not have enough time to conduct the entire recruitment process and the turnover rate for certain departments are very high like housekeeping and security department. We seek help from your recruitment agency to hire new people. We have huge vacancies in the following department- housekeeping, security, and accounting. Job Description For Housekeeping Department Job title- Housekeeping agent The employee will have to work for 50-60 hours a week. Compensation will be given on the basis of a number of hours, i.e. 10 dollars an hour. There will be a probation period of 1 month (Haasler, 2013). The main functions are Responsibility for cleanliness of rooms and hotel building, provide a laundry facility to guests and maintain gardens of the hotel. Job Description For Security Department Job title: Security guard Employee will have to work for 60-70 hours a week (Dunlap, 1964) Compensation will be given on the basis of a number of hours, i.e. 12 dollars an hour. The main functions are the responsibility of security of hotel guests and employees, to keep a record of entry and exit of materials, fire extinguishing if a fire breaks in the hotel. Job Description For Accounting Department Job title: Accounting manager Qualification: Post graduate in financial and accounting management Compensation will be given on per month basis, i.e. 18000 dollars per month There will be a probation period of 3 months (Jackson, 2007). Job responsibilities are: Preparing a budget for hotel and allocating budget to each department, prepare a balance sheet and P/L statement, managing salaries, maintaining accounts for each department, etc. Regards Jessica Brown Memorandum TO: All Employees FROM: Jessica Brown DATE: 11th July 2016 SUBJECT: Current staffing problem at the hotel We are currently facing a shortage of staff at our hotel. This needs to be addressed on an immediate basis; otherwise it may lead to revenue loss and dissatisfaction of customers. I would like to invite the heads of the following departments for a meeting: front office, housekeeping, purchase and storage, food and beverage, engineering and maintenance, accounting and security. The meeting will be held on 12th July 2016 in the conference room on ground floor. The meeting is being held to discuss certain initiatives that the HR department is taking like hiring new employees, cross-functional training, retention of existing employees, job enlargement etc. Sincerely Jessica Brown (A.3) Jessica Brown George Street London United Kingdom 11th July 2016 Paul Patterson Chief Executive Hotel Platinum George Street London United Kingdom Dear Paul Patterson Im writing this letter to bring to your notice the current staffing issue, i.e. shortage of staff on our hotel. Im planning to then take the following steps in order to address this issue: Recruitment: Im coordinating with a recruitment agency for recruiting people for our hotel. Major vacancies are in the housekeeping, security, and maintenance department. Retention: It is very important to retain the existing employees to reduce employee turnover. In order to retain employees, we should motivate them and provide compensation to them (Bergman and Shubert, 2013). Enhance productivity: In order to enhance the productivity of existing employees, there should be training sessions- functional training and cross-functional training. This would help them to enhance their skills and acquire new skills. Training sessions would help to boost their confidence. Job enlargement: To compensate for the shortage of staff, we can use this job design technique. Since with job enlargement, there will be an increase in duties and responsibilities, they will be provided with improved compensations. Sincerely Jessica Brown HR Manager The requirement of staff has increased at our hotel over the past 1 month. Due to low staffing level, there is a dire need to adopt time management strategies in order to complete all the tasks smoothly. Setting priorities at work: It is very important to prioritize the tasks at hand. We should distinguish between important work and urgent work. The best way to manage time is to make a to-do list. After completing the list, rank the tasks in order of their priority. Use of a planning tool: A personal planning tool can be used to enhance productivity. We can use diaries, white board, sticky notes, calendars etc. to write down the tasks to be completed along with their schedule. It is important to review the planning tool on a daily basis. Tasks with the highest priority should be marked or highlighted (Venkateswarlu, 2012). Use of PDA: Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) can be used to keep a record of all meetings and appointments (Bergman and Shubert, 2013). The technique of colour coding can be used to distinguish between business meetings and personal appointments. Tasks can be prioritized and deadlines can be assigned to each task. Work in an organized manner: It is very important to work in an organized way to get rid of clutter. Delete all the unwanted information from your desktop/laptop and diaries. All the files and documents should be stored in an organized way so that time is not wasted in sorting out information from files and documents. Delegate tasks to people who can handle them efficiently and have the appropriate skills to handle a task. Managing time schedules: It is important to determine the time when one is most productive and alert. At this time the person should take up challenging activities and complete them without any interruption. If a person has some free time while commuting, he can schedule small tasks like reading or writing a mail or reading a document. A person should manage time in such a way that he can create a balance between work life and professional life (Jonck and Minnaar, 2015). It is equally important to devote time to recreational activities like playing, reading, listening to music, etc. Poor time management can lead to frequent illness, fatigue, irritability, etc. Proper time management can help in reducing stress levels. Breakdown of task: It is always advisable to break a task into smaller tasks with specific and realistic deadlines. This will help in proper utilization of time. Manage external factor: There are external factors that may hamper time management and time scheduling like an unexpected phone call, unexpected visitors, sudden family obligation, etc. It is important to keep a check on these factors and stay away from factors that result in time wastage in order to stay focused (Jung, 2007). Understand The Dynamics Of Working With Others A team is a group of people who work toward a common goal in synergy. Belbin has listed the following nine team roles: Resource investigator: They explore new opportunities. Team worker Coordinate with other members to get the work done. They give more importance to team goals than personal goals. Co-coordinators: They are good at delegating work. Plant: They are good at problem solving and are extremely creative. Evaluator: Able to make logical and impartial judgments. Specialist: They have a vast knowledge of key areas (Venkateswarlu, 2012). Shaper: They are good at driving, motivating and giving direction to the team. Implementer Needs a well-developed plan and works according to it. Completer Makes extra efforts to meet deadlines and has high standards of quality. These 9 roles define the strengths that the team members should possess. Thus, on the basis of strengths required for the different role, we can allocate tasks to different team members. For example, according to the case study, Andrew is full of new ideas. Thus he can be asked to conceptualize an advertisement for the travel agency. Tuckmans four stage model group development states that the following 4 stages are involved in teamwork: Forming: Team members come together and are anxious to work with each other. Team leader plays an important role. People are polite to each other and avoid conflicts. Storming: Since everyone comes up with their own ideas and views, there is a conflict between team members. Norming: Team members start understanding each other and develop a cordial relationship. Team members start knowing others strengths and weaknesses. Roles and responsibilities become clear (Suneela, 2014). Performing: Team members perform and help each other to achieve team objectives. Group loyalty is high and energy levels are high. The entire focus is to achieve goals. According to the case study, the team led by Claire has gone through all the four stages during the task of creating leaflets. The team was successful in designing the leaflets. As a team leader, Claire understands her role of resolving conflicts. The Team leader has a very important role to play in the development of the team and for the team to be successful Stage 1- Claire should introduce the team members to each other because they are working together for the first time. Team members should be assigned tasks. Claire should define the objectives for the entire team. Stage 2- Claire should encourage brainstorming. It is her responsibility to resolve conflicts and motivate team members. Stage 3- Claire should delegate tasks to team members on the basis of their strengths and weaknesses. Stage 4- Claire should ensure that the team is moving in the right direction and focus on time management in order to achieve deadlines. According to Hackman, there are 5 factors that can make a team successful: Being a real team- Team leader should define objectives for the team. Every team member should be given clearly defined roles and responsibilities. Compelling direction- Team leader should define the direction of the team. He should motivate the team to achieve the desired goals. The goals should be challenging and achievable. Enabling structure: The structure of the team should be defined by the team leader. The team members should be talented and should have diverse skills. The size of the team should be moderate. Supportive context: There should be rewards and recognition on the basis of performance. The team leader should encourage and motivate the team members. Expert coaching: Team leader should always be ready to help his team members in terms of tasks or interpersonal skills. He should be a mentor to all the new team members and coach the members regarding processes and policies. Be Able To Develop Strategies For Problem-Solving The problem arises when there is a difference between the desired state and actual state. Problem: Holiday has gone wrong The expectations of Anthea and Carlo from the Shire Hotel were very high. But their expectations were not met. The facilities that they expected were not present in the deluxe room. Even housekeeping was not satisfactory. The front desk department was understaffed. Hotel operations need improvement (Bird, Gao and Yeung, 2016). Food choices were very few for a buffet. Thus the main problem is the selection of hotel for a holiday in New Zealand. Causes: With the help of fish bone diagram, following are the causes identified for the problem: Did not consult any travel agent The hotel was over advertised on the internet The couple for looking for an economical option Recommendations: While selecting a hotel for a holiday it is better to consult a travel agent because he is aware of the hotels and their charges. It is also advisable to consult someone who has been to New Zealand about the available hotels. It is not advisable to make choice of hotel on the basis of advertisements given on the internet because the hotels may be overrated on the internet. The advertisements can be viewed as a reference but we cannot build our expectations on the basis of what we see on the internet (Okey and Santiago, 2008). If there are any budget constraints, communicate it to the travel agent. He will recommend a hotel within the communicated budget. Strategy on the basis of 5-step process: Define the problem- Selection of hotel in New Zealand. Brainstorm ideas- Consult a travel agent who has knowledge of hotels available in different ranges; look for money saving deals and forget about facilities; make a choice on the basis of advertisement which may make false claims. Decide on a solution- It is best to consult a travel agent. Travel agents are reliable advisors. Implement the solution- Book a room in a hotel recommended by the agent. Review the result- Analyze whether the expectations have been met or not. Fishbone diagram and 5-Step process are two commonly used techniques for problem-solving. 5-STEP PROCESS As per this technique, there are 5 steps involved in solving a problem: Define the problem- This helps to identify areas of improvement and set objectives. Brainstorm ideas- A list of solutions is created. Decide on a solution- One solution is selected that will give best results and will have fewer side-effects (Nielsen and Hohnen, 2014). Implement the solution- The chosen solution is put into action. Review the results- The actual outcomes are compared with the desired outcomes to identify deviation. In practical life, problem solving becomes easy when we work in teams because in large organizations the problems are complex in nature. A person (A) may be good at generating ideas but not good at implementing them whereas the other person (B) may be good at execution but not creative enough to bring new ideas. Thus we can form a team where A will be given the responsibility of generating new ideas whereas B will be given the responsibility of executing them. Consumers use this technique while making purchase decisions. Fishbone Diagram It is also known as a cause-effect diagram. These diagrams are used for quality control in organizations. The problem statement is considered the effect. A horizontal arrow is made and the problem is written against the horizontal line. This resembles the spine and head of the fish (Yazdani and Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, 2012) Brainstorming is done to identify all possible factors that affect the problem. For example, for service related problem, people, technology, procedures, and policies are selected as factors. All the identified factors are written against branches extending from the horizontal arrow. Now for each identified factor (in step-2), brainstorming is done to identify the causes of the problem. They are represented by horizontal lines extending from branches. Following was the impact of implementing the strategy decided on the basis of fish bone diagram and 5-step process: The couple consulted a travel agent and communicated the maximum budget they had set for the hotel i.e. 250 pounds a day (Yazdani and Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, 2012). They travel agent gave them a list of 5 hotels that were available within the given budget. He shared the pictures of the hotels and also listed the facilities available in each hotel. Out of the 5 hotels, the couple selected Landscape Hotel. As per the facilities communicated by the travel agent, the room had a fridge, LCD, bath tub, and microwave. Once the couple reached their hotel, they received a warm welcome and the front desk staff was very cooperative. The room had everything that the travel agent had promised- food, ambiance, service etc. The couple had a good overall experience and thanked the travel agent for his guidance. References Andrews, G. and Russell, M. (2012). Employability skills development: strategy, evaluation and impact.HE, Skills Work-Based Lrng, 2(1), pp.33-44. Bergman, C. and Shubert, L. (2013). Interactive Strategies.Nurse Educator, 38(4), pp.137-138. Bird, R., Gao, X. and Yeung, D. (2016). Time-series and cross-sectional momentum strategies under alternative implementation strategies.Australian Journal of Management. Clancy, C. (2007). 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