Essay --

Marlene Cazahuatl 12/19/13 F.D.R Senior Bullying is a serious issue many young kids in society go through. Most of these children that face this issue many of which are Latinos or from Hispanic descendent are the main ones who suffer from this. These kids are sometimes bullied on where they are from and what they are or what they're not. The fact being is that no one should feel intimidated by another person that's most likely the same age as them. Now a days the media play a huge role in uncovering the issue of bullying. The media makes us reflect on how bullying wasn't such a big issue as it is now in past generations. The Fact is that we should do what ever is in our hands to prevent more cases like these and not allow anyone to be a victim of someone's aggressive behavior. According to reports from last year 2012, statistics show that 1 out of 4 students from Hispanic descendent are being bullied in their schools, most of which are afraid of attendin...

Idealism: Education and Character Development Essay

Educational Aims In an idealistic education system emphasis should be placed on developing the mind, personal discipline, and character development. A person should be literate and of good moral character. Educational Methods Idealist education involves depth of learning, a holistic approach that involves teaching the whole rather than its parts. The best method of learning for Plato was the dialectic, a process where ideas are put into battle against each other, with the most significant idea winning the battle. Knowledge was not important just for the material needs that it met. Idealists would feel that much of the great literature of the past would be useful in the solving many of today’s problems. The idealist is not concerned with turning out students with technical skills so much as having students with a broad view and understanding of the world in which they live. Idealism emphasizes the role of the teacher, a skillful questioner, who should be a model for the person we want children to become. While the lecture method is still important in an idealist’s education system, it is considered more of a way to convey information and to help students comprehend ideas. Self realization and self education are very important in idealism. While teachers cannot always be present when learning occurs, they must attempt to stimulate students so that learning occurs even when they are not present. Project based learning is on example of a self directed learning activity where learning can occur without a teacher’s presence. Curriculum The important factor in education at any level for idealists is teaching children to think. Teachers should help students to explore texts for ideas about the purposes of life, family the nature of peer pressures, and the problems of growing up. Idealists believe that ideas can change lives and that classical literature can be used and explored to help solve problems in today’s world. Creativity will be encouraged when students immerse themselves in the creative thinking of others and when they are encouraged to reflect. Role of the Teacher Since idealists believe in character development, they also believe that the teacher should be a role model for students to emulate. Teaching is considered a moral calling. The teacher’s role is to be a skillful questioner who encourages students to think and ask more questions in an environment that is suitable for learning. Critiques of Idealism Idealism has been influential in education for a considerable amount of time. It is considered a conservative philosophy because of its emphasis in preserving cultural traditions. The strengths of idealism include encouraging thinking and cognition, promoting cultural learning, and providing for character development of students. Teachers are considered valuable parts of the educational process who should strive to provide a comprehensive, systematic, and holistic approach to learning that stresses self realization. Science today has challenged idealism and brought about challenges to idealistic principles. Science is based on hypothesis and tentativeness, but idealism promotes a finished and absolute universe waiting to be discovered. Idealism has often been linked with traditional religion. The weakening of religion has led to the weakening of idealism as a philosophy. Through Plato’s ruler kings, and Augustine’s emphasis on the monastic life, it has been said that idealism leads to intellectual elitism. In the past, education was considered important for the upper classes of society, marking education as a luxury. Vocational and technical studies were considered good enough for the general public. Idealistic education was considered bookish and lacking relevance. It is argued that the character development aspect of the philosophy involved conformity and subservience on the part of the learner. This type of character development was considered to stifle creativity and self direction, making students gullible and ready to accept ideas without serious examination. Personal Observations The emphasis on the importance of knowledge and ideas in the idealist philosophy originally led me to believe that much of my philosophy of education included idealistic tendencies. James Madison’s quote that knowledge is power, which sits front and center on my class webpage, seems to agree with this premise. Because I believe strongly in project based education as a way to have students discover and learn new information, I also began to view the idealism in my thinking. However, as much as I value these things and continue to believe in the importance of continually gaining knowledge, the fact that I view science and technology as a valued part of all education, sets me apart from the philosophy. While the idealist considered science and technical studies good enough for the general public, I consider them an integral part of any education. However I do believe in the importance of teaching children to think, for not doing so results in children with book learning and no common sense. Should teachers be role models? Yes, I think they should. If I were an adult with no children, I might think differently. However as a parent, I have always been greatly concerned with the people who were my children’s teachers. Teachers have the power to influence the thinking and ideas of children and society in general. Even given regimented curricula to teach, teachers ultimately make decisions everyday about what information to emphasize or deemphasize. I think society also believes that teachers should be role models. Consider the uproar over teachers who have inappropriate relations with the students they teach.

Natural Resources are Being Depleted - 1672 Words

The natural resources of Earth continue to be used more and more each year. Coal and oil are consumed with incredible speed and about 28 percent of the total energy derived from coal and oil. Earth is becoming airless balloon and the human population is rapidly growing. These natural resources are not renewable. The world needs to stop pertaining to be blind about environmental crises. We need to start working on alternative energy that will protect our environment while maintaining energy dependent society. Our lives depend on energy. Modern technologies have developed to such an extent that everything we use nowadays needs energy. In every home, we use it to light and heat our houses and own 100 or more horses (horsepower) in our garage. Our power usage is limited. We might be enjoying it now but not in the future. Even today surprisingly, not all country around the world has access to the electricity. So it is complex to say word â€Å"We† as a world creating the environmental crisis by our careless energy usage. Many third worlds still have issue with energy crisis. For example, Africa mainly uses fossil fuel to generate electricity but only few percentage of the population is access to it. The world’s second most populous country India is the third largest coal producer and top CO2 emitters but half of the population has no access to it. Energy played the central roles moving the nations into well-being. But it derives to negative consequence as well. The future willShow MoreRelatedHuman Activity and Energy Sources968 Words   |  4 PagesEarth’s resources, for instance water, productive farming land and energy, outlines the basic foundations of our continued existence on earth. However, with the continued human activities, for example logging and charcoal burning, these resources are quickly being depleted. Human inhabitation and increased consumption of the natural resources is resulting in untold destruction. The climate change being experienced globally, the rapidly depleting freshwater catchments, the dwindling forest cover,Read MorePeak Oil992 Words   |  4 Pagesthe field is depleted. This concept is derived from the Hubbert curve, and has been shown to be applicable to the sum of a nation’s domestic production rate, and is similarly applied to the global rate of petroleum production. Peak oil is often confused with oil depletion; peak oil is the point of maximum production while depletion refers to a period of falling reserves and supply It is estimated that the world may have enough oil to year 2030 at current consumption, and enough natural gas to yearRead MoreEnvironmental Degradation And Its Effects On Our Environment1432 Words   |  6 Pageshad an extreme physical impact on earth. An example of the effects of our extensiveness is, â€Å"†¦86% of the world s resources are consumed by only the wealthiest one fifth of humanity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (globalissues.org). this means that 4/5ths of the planet already has limited access to resources that are naturally found on earth. In addition to our excessive consumption of the earth natural resources, environmental degradation is the result of extreme pollution and wastes that have made their way into our atmosphereRead MoreRenewable Is Sustainable For Renewable Energy1105 Words   |  5 PagesRenewable is Sustainable Soon, planet Earth will run out of the resource that once was thought to be reliable. Earth is in great danger of self destructing if there is no backup plan. This is where renewable resources come in. Renewable resources are abundant and do not damage the environment, so they are a sustainable method to produce energy. The options for renewable energy are solar, wind, hydro, biomass, and geothermal. Why should Earth abandon the systems that they have in place at theRead MorePopulation Growth And Its Impact On The Environment1677 Words   |  7 Pagesdepletion of fresh water, other natural resources, food supplies, and even habitations. Humanity as a whole make choices regarding housing, food, water, and even clothes that impact our biospheres. Population growth is based on many different factors some of which include medical related issues, different cultures, religious beliefs, changes in nutritional intake, and even technology. If humanity does not pay close attention to reproduction numbers, natural resources, food and freshwater suppliesRead MoreThe Wreck Of Time By Annie Dillard1168 Words   |  5 Pagesliving.† (Dillard 168) The amount of natural or man-made catastrophes do not affect the population as much as we claim. Dillards opinions are supported with facts throughout her essay, but readers are still left to question, why is our world considered to be overp opulated? Perhaps it is time for our society to consider Earth is not overpopulated in terms of people, but in resources. In addition, humans are struggling to grasp that other ecosystems are also being affected. With the introduction of DarwinismRead MoreConsideration Of The Limits On Growth1607 Words   |  7 PagesDespite the human drive and ability to persevere in the past, the current facts seem to paint a less promising picture. There are symptoms everywhere that point to a world in overshoot. It has become commonly accepted that humans are drawing on resources at a rate faster than can be replenished. The signs are evident: Sea levels have risen 10-20cm in the past century. However, the annual rate of rise over the past 20 years has been 3.2mm a year, roughly twice the average speed for the precedingRead MoreThe Energy Of Solar Energy1462 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the National Institute for Energy Research and the U.S. Energy Information Administration, solar energy makes up only 0.5% of total energy consumption in the United States, and over 65% of consumed energy is natural gas and petroleum. (2016) These statistics show that nearly two-thirds of the energy the United States uses is not only non-renewable but the processess of harnessing it also causes pollution. Solar Energy is energy that is transferred through solar radiation in the formRead MoreI Will Be Defending The Earths Current Population1386 Words   |  6 Pagescapable of maintaining life at a sustainable level?† (Heaton), and if the Earth is at risk of running out of resources at the rate we’re consuming them? My an swer to all these questions is no, that although the population is currently at 7 billion people, it is not at a point where it could be considered to be overpopulated, and it is not a point where the Earth cannot sustain humans with its resources. In this essay, I will be defending the indefensible idea that we should not care about what happensRead MoreThe Earth Of Our Planet1488 Words   |  6 PagesEverything living on this planet is in perfect balance and harmony with its natural surroundings, but since mankind emerged and advanced we have become unappreciative and greedy and turned a blind eye on nature. We have inherited a 4.5 billion year old legacy and in less than 200,000 years we have taken possession of every habitat and depleted most of its valuable resources. How did life on this beautiful planet come into being? What are the fundamental ingredients that make life on this planet possible

Gender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality - 855 Words

In general, the wage gap has narrowed at a slow, and uneven, pace over last three decades. Recent data shows that women in the American workforce earn 77 cents for every dollar a man earns (Trevino). The existence of this â€Å"gender wage gap† has been an issue since women entered the workforce. The ongoing issue of the past has now become an apparent problem in our modern-day, progressive society. Women nowadays have opportunities that were not obtainable in past decades but must overcome, or ignore, the barrier of being punished in the long run for simply being a woman. While there have been major progresses in breaking through the norms and social constructs, women face other challenges, including discrimination and sexism (Gender). Despite the ongoing struggle to reach wage equality between the sexes through various legislative initiatives and the ever increasing involvement of women in the American workforce, the wage gap has only closed by a marginal 15 percent over th e last four decades (Dale and Levine). The occupations that have been chosen to compare are social workers, which are comprised of 80.6 % women Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists, which has a trend of being more gender neutral with 47.5 % employed being women, and surveying and mapping technicians, a male dominated position with only 4.3 % being women (Women). The education requirements for the first two occupations are similar with bachelor’s degrees being the norm; the thirdShow MoreRelatedGender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality1740 Words   |  7 PagesThe gender wage gap is defined as the relative difference in earnings between men and women in the economy as a whole. For every dollar a man makes, his female counterpart makes roughly seventy-seven cents. Even if a men and women have the same educational background and work history the man will go home with a higher paycheck than the woman. This may actually lead to tension in the workplace and cau se conflict in the office. This also includes female dominated industries- most notably, nursingRead MoreGender Wage Gap Inequality And Gender Inequality Essay1880 Words   |  8 PagesArmando Suqui-Carchi Professor Pantano English 201 13 December 2016 Gender Wage Gap Inequality The gender wage inequality topic is one that has quietly laid in Americas closet of problems for decades. A female worker in Louisiana makes on average an alarming sixty-six cents compared to the dollar a man makes in twenty sixteen. When a father comes home after a forty-hour long work week making fifteen dollars an hour, he will open up a paycheck to six hundred dollars. When a mother comes home afterRead MoreGender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality1738 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gender Wage Gap is defined as the different amounts of money that is paid to women and men, often for doing the same work. Women who work full time, year round earn 77 cents for every dollar that men earn. Over a year women make $11,500 less than men and throughout their life this wage gap can affect women by making them earn anywhere from $400,000-$2 million less than men do. (Miller 2008, 6) The wage gap varies for women of different races. On average African-American women are paid 60 centsRead MoreGender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality2164 Words   |  9 Pages Throughout history, discrimination has wielded its ugly head in many different forms. Things such as, but not limited to, race, religion, appearance, beliefs and gender have consistently oppressed minorities. A continual discrimination that the women of the world are dealing with takes place in what has been promised to be a fair and unprejudiced environment: the work place. This issue deals with women not being paid the same amount of money as men even though they may be equally, if not more soRead MoreThe Wage Gap And Gender Inequality Essay1760 Words   |  8 PagesINTRODUCTION Women as a minority group concerning the wage gap, also known as the gender pay gap, is an older phenomenon that has gradually become more of a topic of concern since the 1960s. The wage gap is recognized as the difference between male and female earnings that is identified as a percentage of male earnings. In 1963 the Equal Pay Act was instituted declaring that it would be illegal to pay women lower wages simply based on their gender. The wage gap remains a popular area of active and innovativeRead MoreGender Wage Gaps And Gender Inequality1115 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Boris Hirsch and associates, gender wage gaps should vary among densely populated regions and less densely populated regions. Using an estimating Mincerian earnings function that controls for individual characteristics and reflecting the productivity of the worker, we are able to get the ceteris paribus of the gender pay gap that will not be able to be explained by any differences in the productivity of work ers. They also used the approach developed by Oaxaca and Blinder which estimatedRead MoreGender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality Essay912 Words   |  4 Pagespay† by Lanier Isom is about the gender wage gap. The gender wage gap is the difference between male and female earnings. Isom basically states in this article that the wage gap exists because of gender, however many experts state that the wage gap simple does exists do to a factor such as gender, but of multiple factors. These factors being that the statistics presented in favor of a Wage gap are incorrect and manipulated to seem correct. That the so called wage gap may be in fact do to the choiceRead MoreGender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesGender Wage Gap Lydia Ogles November 2016 Introduction/Abstract The gender wage gap has been a nationwide problem since women were able to enter the workforce. Women have begun to speak out more about the issue and evaluate what they can do to change the industries and how they personally present themselves to help this change. Currently there is a wide range of opinions on this issue, with some saying it does not exist while others think it will ruin the economy if not fixed immediately. This makesRead MoreGender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality1697 Words   |  7 Pagesto be paid less wages than men, but this paper will argue in the U.S. today the gender wage gap still exists. The definition of gender wage gap as stated by the U.S. government is defined as women who work full time or salary based jobs who receive less earnings than their male counterparts who work equal level jobs (â€Å"Equal Pay,† n.d.).[] This analysis will focus on the years of 2012 to 2014, and in these years it is clear that the gender wage gap exists. The topic of gender wage gap sociologicallyRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Wage Gap2375 Words   |  10 PagesThis is known as gender income difference i.e. the ratio of female to male median yearly earnings among full time year round workers. It is also the average difference between men’s and women’s hourly earnings, the gender pay gap has grown from 14.8 per cent last year to 19.7per cent this year, overtime not included.( Warren 2005) .Studies have shown that this gap has increased over the years, hence widening the gap in the society. These figures must act as a wake-up call for the government. Women’s

The Help By Kathryn Stockett - 1489 Words

The Help written by Kathryn Stockett takes place during the 1960s in Jackson, Mississippi where Stockett grew up. Stockett takes inspiration from the segregation witnessed in her hometown and the African American maid Demetrie, with whom she grew up with, to write a passionate yet controversial novel in which she depicts the struggle between whites and blacks along with the emotional struggle that the main characters endure throughout the novel. The Help has been widely renowned, yet disputable, as Stockett uses the different aspects of life in the south that she grew up with to write a fictional yet realistic account of segregation during the period of the Civil Rights Movement. The Help is told from the perspectives of three different†¦show more content†¦Stockett’s main purpose for writing The Help was to portray the difficult situation of the segregated south, and to write about â€Å"the affection between a black person and a white one in the unequal world of segregation† (Newsmakers 1). Stockett began to write the novel after the 9-11 attacks as in â€Å"that moment of fear generated by the terrorist attacks in New York, Stockett began to write for comfort† (Newsmakers 1). Not only did she write The Help as a means of describing the life she grew up in, but she also wrote it as a means of finding consolation during rough times in the U.S. Stockett is able to successfully reach her audience by using Demetrie as a means of inspiration for Aibileen and Minny, and by giving the readers a firsthand account of the segregation in the 1960s from the experiences in her own life. She adeptly is able to â€Å"locate racist behavior i n the most ignoble characters†, while also being able to â€Å"sentimentalize relationships between black workers and their white employers† (Smith 26). Stockett uses the character of Skeeter to bridge the relationships between whites and blacks by drawing on Skeeter’s aspirations as a writer with â€Å"ideas [she] thought [were] worthy journalism material† and the relationship she had with her former maid Constantine (Stockett 72). Skeeter was very close with Constantine, and Stockett goes above

Discourse Analysis Features of Context Free Essays

Name: Duong Hong Anh Group: 06. 1. E1 Date: 01/02/2010 —————————————————————————————————— Discourse Analysis Assignment 1 Text: [pic] [pic] Features of context 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Discourse Analysis Features of Context or any similar topic only for you Order Now Addressor: a BBC journalist 2. Addressee: the US readers 3. Audience: online readers 4. Topic: US to resume shortly Haiti medical evacuation flights 5. Setting: place: in a column of online BBC newspaper; time: February 2nd, 2010 6. Channel: writing 7. Code: Standard American English 8. Message-form: journal article . Event: BBC news 10. Key: informative, updated 11. Purpose: to inform about actions of the USA government to help Haiti and some other related issues. ———————– US to resume shortly Haiti medical evacuation flights The United States will resume within hours emergency evacuation flights for critically injured Haitian quake victims, the White House has said. The airlifts stopped last Wednesday because of what Washington described as â€Å"logistical issues†. Doctors warned scores of people would die if the flights did not resume soon. Meanwhile, some of the Haitian children identified as orphans by a group of Americans who were taking them abroad may have parents, it has emerged. Haiti imposed new controls on the movement of children following the 12 January earthquake that killed up to 200,000 people. Officials fear that orphans are now particularly vulnerable to being abducted and sold for adoption. Also on Sunday, the UN’s World Food Programme (WFP) began a large-scale aid distribution at 16 sites across Haiti’s capital, aiming to feed two million people. Only women will be allowed to collect the 25kg (55lb) rice ration, enough to feed a family for two weeks. ‘On track’ White House spokesman Tommy Vietor said in a statement on Sunday evening: â€Å"Having received assurances that additional capacity exists both here and among our international partners, we determined that we can resume these critical flights. † â€Å"The flights are on track to resume in the next 12 hours. Patients are being identified for transfer, doctors are making sure that it is safe for them to fly, and we are preparing specific in-flight paediatric care aboard the aircraft where needed. Mr Vietor said the US government had worked with international partners, NGO’s and US states to increase capacity to treat the Haitian patients. Hundreds of patients with spinal injuries, burns and other wounds have been flown on US military planes to America since the quake. Most of them have been treated in Florida. But the US halted the so-called m ercy flights on Wednesday. A White House spokesman told the BBC the move was due to â€Å"logistical issues†, not over medical costs as had been reported earlier. Last week, Florida Governor Charlie Crist warned President Barack Obama’s administration that the state’s â€Å"healthcare system is quickly reaching saturation, especially in the area of high-level trauma care†. Mr Crist also asked the federal government to activate the National Disaster Medical System, which usually pays for victims’ care in domestic disasters. ‘Hungry and dehydrated’ On Sunday, SOS Children’s Villages international charity said at least one of the 33 Haitian youngsters whom the Americans had tried to take out of Haiti, a little girl, insisted her parents were alive. Charity spokesman George Willeit told journalists the girl said she had believed she was being taken to a boarding school or summer camp. Mr Willeit also said many of the children had been found to be in poor health, hungry and dehydrated. One of the smallest – just two or three months old – was so dehydrated she had to be taken to hospital, he added. Haitian authorities said none of the children had documentation or proof they were actually parentless. ‘Mistake’ The 10 Americans, who are now in police custody in Port-au-Prince, said they were taking them to an orphanage in neighbouring Dominican Republic. The five men and five women, from Idaho-based charity New Life Children’s Refuge, were stopped while travelling on a bus with the children on the border with neighbouring Dominican Republic. They said the youngsters had all lost their parents in the quake. Laura Silsby, the group’s leader, said the arrests were the result of a mistake. â€Å"Our understanding was that we were told by a number of people, including Dominican authorities, that we would be able to bring the children across,† she said. The mistake we made is that we didn’t understand there was additional paperwork required. † But the BBC’s Rupert Wingfield-Hayes, in Port-au-Prince, says the regulations are very clear – each case of child adoption must be approved by the government. Even before the earthquake, he adds, child-smuggling was a massive problem in Haiti, with thousands of children disappearing each year. (Source: http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/americas/8490469. stm , retrieved on Feb 2nd 2010) How to cite Discourse Analysis Features of Context, Papers

Responsibilities And Performance

Question: Determine Own Responsibilities And Performance. Answer: It is very important for a student to understand his responsibilities in order to be successful in life. I would classify my responsibilities in the following 3 categories: Personal responsibility: It is important for complete a given task with honesty and integrity. A student should inculcate the habit of being punctual. A student should not lie or make excuses if he commits a mistake. Comply with the policies of the institute and follow the code of conduct laid down by the institute. Utilize the resources provided by the institute in the best possible way and should not indulge in any kind of wastage (Croucher, 2011). All the lectures and lab sessions should be attended by the student. He should not be absent without any valid reason. A student should not be involved in any kind of crime or unlawful activity like possession of illegal weapons or drugs. Students should make ethical behavior a part of their personality. It is very important to learn the difference between right and wrong. Students should exercise their right to vote and choose the deserving candidate (Clancy, 2007). Maintain a balance between academics and extra-curricular activities. He should have value for money and never spend money unnecessarily. Ability to learn and develop: A student should be attentive in a lecture and follow the instructions of the teacher. And he should score well in exams. There should be active participation in class activities, practical labs, seminars, debates, quizzes etc. Should be any part of a club or society like dance, music, theatre, personality development etc. This will help to develop skills apart from the academic skills (Andrews and Russell, 2012). Take each assignment very seriously. And the student should complete the assignment within the given deadline. Seek advice from seniors, professors and parents when in a state of doubt. Establishing and maintaining direct and indirect relationships: Respect the professors and seniors. Communicate with fellow students and juniors in a respectful manner. Should have good verbal and non-verbal communication skills. He should help others when required. It is very important for a person to understand the others person perspective and respect their opinion and understand the importance of teamwork (Clancy, 2007). A student should not indulge in discrimination or bias on the basis of color, race, gender, religion etc. It is very important for students to set objectives for themselves in order to make their life meaningful. The objectives should be SMART (Jung, 2007). S- Specific M-Measurable A-Attainable R-Realistic T-Timely Responsibility: Attendance Performance Objective: To achieve a minimum of 90% attendance in each subject for the duration of 1 month (Clancy, 2007). Responsibility: Value money Performance Objective: To bring down daily expenditure to 100 $ for 1 month. Responsibility: Academic scores Performance Objective: To score a minimum of 80% score in all assignments to be submitted in 1 month. Responsibility: Meet deadlines Performance Objective: To complete all assignments and presentations within the given deadline in 1 month along with maintaining the quality of work. Responsibility: Improve communication skills Performance Objective: Improve verbal and non-verbal communication skills and participate in 2 debate competitions in 1 month. Responsibility: Teamwork Performance Objective: Form a team of 5 people and prepare a presentation on the legal aspects of business in 15 days with the contribution of each team member. Motivation is an important factor in improving performance. According to Herzbergs theory of motivation, it is important to improve motivation and hygiene factors. Proper feedback should be given regarding performance indicators. The person should be appreciated when there is an improvement in performance indicator (Lauzier and Haccoun, 2014). For example, if there is an increase in average attendance from 75% to 80%, the person should be appreciated so that he feels valued. According to the Expectancy theory, people become motivated when they believe that they will get the desired reward if their objective is met. Thus to motivate a person, it is very important to give him the desired reward. For example, a movie ticket is given to a student if the average score is 90% in all his assignments. Student of the month certificate to a student if the average attendance is above 90% for 1 month (Lauzier and Haccoun, 2014). Three-dimensional theory of attribution suggests that proper feedback should be given. This will prevent them from assuming that their failure is due to some uncontrollable factor and their success is dependent on controllable factors. Recognition is an important tool for inspiring people (Miller, Biggart and Newton, 2013). For example, a student who scores an average of 95% in all the assignments is given the title of student of the month. Providing incentives is a good way of motivating people. The incentives can be financial like cash prize, food coupons, etc. or non-financial like appreciation. Performance measurement tools are used to measure the performance against set objectives. In industries, various tools like KPIs, performance appraisals (360-degree feedback, management by objective, forced distribution, performance ranking), dashboards, six sigma, benchmarking, rating scales, self-assessment, balanced scorecard are used for performance management. As per the performance dashboard for 4th July 2016 to 8th July 2016, the average attendance for all the subjects is 85% against the target of 90%. The average daily expenditure is 120$ against the target of 100$. The average score for all the submitted assignments is 75% against the target of 80%. 360 Feedback has been used to measure performance related to deadlines, communication skills, and teamwork. As per the feedback obtained from juniors, seniors, class fellows and professors, there is an improvement in communication skills and team work but deadlines have not been met for some assignment (Nielsen and Hohnen, 2014). As per the graphic rating method, on a scale of 1-5, communication skills have been rated as 4, teamwork has been rated as 4 and meeting deadlines has been rated as 3. 1 stands for poor and 5 stands for excellence. There is always a scope of improvement. Following are the recommendations to improve performance: Fostering teamwork- Teamwork can help us understand concepts in a better way. Group studies can help in improving academic scores. Continuous learning- We should keep on attending workshops, seminars and training sessions. For example, personality development workshops can help us improve communication skills and interpersonal skills. Time management- Time management is very important for completing the assignments within given deadlines (Nielsen and Hohnen, 2014). Recognize achievements- People should be recognized and appreciated if they achieve their desired objectives. Frequent feedback- Continuous feedbacks are required for improvement. Motivation in the form of incentives- Financial or non-financial incentives can be given to encourage people. Evaluate performance variance and conduct RCA- Difference between desired performance and actual performance gives variance. Root Cause Analysis should be done for not achieving the objectives (Cockburn, 2013). Be Able To Develop Interpersonal And Transferrable Skills Since there is a shortage of staff in the hotel, it is important to address the issue otherwise it may result in loss of revenue or have a negative impact on the services offered to customers. (A.1) Hello Kelly We are trying to hire new staff for our hotel. We do not have enough time to conduct the entire recruitment process and the turnover rate for certain departments are very high like housekeeping and security department. We seek help from your recruitment agency to hire new people. We have huge vacancies in the following department- housekeeping, security, and accounting. Job Description For Housekeeping Department Job title- Housekeeping agent The employee will have to work for 50-60 hours a week. Compensation will be given on the basis of a number of hours, i.e. 10 dollars an hour. There will be a probation period of 1 month (Haasler, 2013). The main functions are Responsibility for cleanliness of rooms and hotel building, provide a laundry facility to guests and maintain gardens of the hotel. Job Description For Security Department Job title: Security guard Employee will have to work for 60-70 hours a week (Dunlap, 1964) Compensation will be given on the basis of a number of hours, i.e. 12 dollars an hour. The main functions are the responsibility of security of hotel guests and employees, to keep a record of entry and exit of materials, fire extinguishing if a fire breaks in the hotel. Job Description For Accounting Department Job title: Accounting manager Qualification: Post graduate in financial and accounting management Compensation will be given on per month basis, i.e. 18000 dollars per month There will be a probation period of 3 months (Jackson, 2007). Job responsibilities are: Preparing a budget for hotel and allocating budget to each department, prepare a balance sheet and P/L statement, managing salaries, maintaining accounts for each department, etc. Regards Jessica Brown Memorandum TO: All Employees FROM: Jessica Brown DATE: 11th July 2016 SUBJECT: Current staffing problem at the hotel We are currently facing a shortage of staff at our hotel. This needs to be addressed on an immediate basis; otherwise it may lead to revenue loss and dissatisfaction of customers. I would like to invite the heads of the following departments for a meeting: front office, housekeeping, purchase and storage, food and beverage, engineering and maintenance, accounting and security. The meeting will be held on 12th July 2016 in the conference room on ground floor. The meeting is being held to discuss certain initiatives that the HR department is taking like hiring new employees, cross-functional training, retention of existing employees, job enlargement etc. Sincerely Jessica Brown (A.3) Jessica Brown George Street London United Kingdom 11th July 2016 Paul Patterson Chief Executive Hotel Platinum George Street London United Kingdom Dear Paul Patterson Im writing this letter to bring to your notice the current staffing issue, i.e. shortage of staff on our hotel. Im planning to then take the following steps in order to address this issue: Recruitment: Im coordinating with a recruitment agency for recruiting people for our hotel. Major vacancies are in the housekeeping, security, and maintenance department. Retention: It is very important to retain the existing employees to reduce employee turnover. In order to retain employees, we should motivate them and provide compensation to them (Bergman and Shubert, 2013). Enhance productivity: In order to enhance the productivity of existing employees, there should be training sessions- functional training and cross-functional training. This would help them to enhance their skills and acquire new skills. Training sessions would help to boost their confidence. Job enlargement: To compensate for the shortage of staff, we can use this job design technique. Since with job enlargement, there will be an increase in duties and responsibilities, they will be provided with improved compensations. Sincerely Jessica Brown HR Manager The requirement of staff has increased at our hotel over the past 1 month. Due to low staffing level, there is a dire need to adopt time management strategies in order to complete all the tasks smoothly. Setting priorities at work: It is very important to prioritize the tasks at hand. We should distinguish between important work and urgent work. The best way to manage time is to make a to-do list. After completing the list, rank the tasks in order of their priority. Use of a planning tool: A personal planning tool can be used to enhance productivity. We can use diaries, white board, sticky notes, calendars etc. to write down the tasks to be completed along with their schedule. It is important to review the planning tool on a daily basis. Tasks with the highest priority should be marked or highlighted (Venkateswarlu, 2012). Use of PDA: Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) can be used to keep a record of all meetings and appointments (Bergman and Shubert, 2013). The technique of colour coding can be used to distinguish between business meetings and personal appointments. Tasks can be prioritized and deadlines can be assigned to each task. Work in an organized manner: It is very important to work in an organized way to get rid of clutter. Delete all the unwanted information from your desktop/laptop and diaries. All the files and documents should be stored in an organized way so that time is not wasted in sorting out information from files and documents. Delegate tasks to people who can handle them efficiently and have the appropriate skills to handle a task. Managing time schedules: It is important to determine the time when one is most productive and alert. At this time the person should take up challenging activities and complete them without any interruption. If a person has some free time while commuting, he can schedule small tasks like reading or writing a mail or reading a document. A person should manage time in such a way that he can create a balance between work life and professional life (Jonck and Minnaar, 2015). It is equally important to devote time to recreational activities like playing, reading, listening to music, etc. Poor time management can lead to frequent illness, fatigue, irritability, etc. Proper time management can help in reducing stress levels. Breakdown of task: It is always advisable to break a task into smaller tasks with specific and realistic deadlines. This will help in proper utilization of time. Manage external factor: There are external factors that may hamper time management and time scheduling like an unexpected phone call, unexpected visitors, sudden family obligation, etc. It is important to keep a check on these factors and stay away from factors that result in time wastage in order to stay focused (Jung, 2007). Understand The Dynamics Of Working With Others A team is a group of people who work toward a common goal in synergy. Belbin has listed the following nine team roles: Resource investigator: They explore new opportunities. Team worker Coordinate with other members to get the work done. They give more importance to team goals than personal goals. Co-coordinators: They are good at delegating work. Plant: They are good at problem solving and are extremely creative. Evaluator: Able to make logical and impartial judgments. Specialist: They have a vast knowledge of key areas (Venkateswarlu, 2012). Shaper: They are good at driving, motivating and giving direction to the team. Implementer Needs a well-developed plan and works according to it. Completer Makes extra efforts to meet deadlines and has high standards of quality. These 9 roles define the strengths that the team members should possess. Thus, on the basis of strengths required for the different role, we can allocate tasks to different team members. For example, according to the case study, Andrew is full of new ideas. Thus he can be asked to conceptualize an advertisement for the travel agency. Tuckmans four stage model group development states that the following 4 stages are involved in teamwork: Forming: Team members come together and are anxious to work with each other. Team leader plays an important role. People are polite to each other and avoid conflicts. Storming: Since everyone comes up with their own ideas and views, there is a conflict between team members. Norming: Team members start understanding each other and develop a cordial relationship. Team members start knowing others strengths and weaknesses. Roles and responsibilities become clear (Suneela, 2014). Performing: Team members perform and help each other to achieve team objectives. Group loyalty is high and energy levels are high. The entire focus is to achieve goals. According to the case study, the team led by Claire has gone through all the four stages during the task of creating leaflets. The team was successful in designing the leaflets. As a team leader, Claire understands her role of resolving conflicts. The Team leader has a very important role to play in the development of the team and for the team to be successful Stage 1- Claire should introduce the team members to each other because they are working together for the first time. Team members should be assigned tasks. Claire should define the objectives for the entire team. Stage 2- Claire should encourage brainstorming. It is her responsibility to resolve conflicts and motivate team members. Stage 3- Claire should delegate tasks to team members on the basis of their strengths and weaknesses. Stage 4- Claire should ensure that the team is moving in the right direction and focus on time management in order to achieve deadlines. According to Hackman, there are 5 factors that can make a team successful: Being a real team- Team leader should define objectives for the team. Every team member should be given clearly defined roles and responsibilities. Compelling direction- Team leader should define the direction of the team. He should motivate the team to achieve the desired goals. The goals should be challenging and achievable. Enabling structure: The structure of the team should be defined by the team leader. The team members should be talented and should have diverse skills. The size of the team should be moderate. Supportive context: There should be rewards and recognition on the basis of performance. The team leader should encourage and motivate the team members. Expert coaching: Team leader should always be ready to help his team members in terms of tasks or interpersonal skills. He should be a mentor to all the new team members and coach the members regarding processes and policies. Be Able To Develop Strategies For Problem-Solving The problem arises when there is a difference between the desired state and actual state. Problem: Holiday has gone wrong The expectations of Anthea and Carlo from the Shire Hotel were very high. But their expectations were not met. The facilities that they expected were not present in the deluxe room. Even housekeeping was not satisfactory. The front desk department was understaffed. Hotel operations need improvement (Bird, Gao and Yeung, 2016). Food choices were very few for a buffet. Thus the main problem is the selection of hotel for a holiday in New Zealand. Causes: With the help of fish bone diagram, following are the causes identified for the problem: Did not consult any travel agent The hotel was over advertised on the internet The couple for looking for an economical option Recommendations: While selecting a hotel for a holiday it is better to consult a travel agent because he is aware of the hotels and their charges. It is also advisable to consult someone who has been to New Zealand about the available hotels. It is not advisable to make choice of hotel on the basis of advertisements given on the internet because the hotels may be overrated on the internet. The advertisements can be viewed as a reference but we cannot build our expectations on the basis of what we see on the internet (Okey and Santiago, 2008). If there are any budget constraints, communicate it to the travel agent. He will recommend a hotel within the communicated budget. Strategy on the basis of 5-step process: Define the problem- Selection of hotel in New Zealand. Brainstorm ideas- Consult a travel agent who has knowledge of hotels available in different ranges; look for money saving deals and forget about facilities; make a choice on the basis of advertisement which may make false claims. Decide on a solution- It is best to consult a travel agent. Travel agents are reliable advisors. Implement the solution- Book a room in a hotel recommended by the agent. Review the result- Analyze whether the expectations have been met or not. Fishbone diagram and 5-Step process are two commonly used techniques for problem-solving. 5-STEP PROCESS As per this technique, there are 5 steps involved in solving a problem: Define the problem- This helps to identify areas of improvement and set objectives. Brainstorm ideas- A list of solutions is created. Decide on a solution- One solution is selected that will give best results and will have fewer side-effects (Nielsen and Hohnen, 2014). Implement the solution- The chosen solution is put into action. Review the results- The actual outcomes are compared with the desired outcomes to identify deviation. In practical life, problem solving becomes easy when we work in teams because in large organizations the problems are complex in nature. A person (A) may be good at generating ideas but not good at implementing them whereas the other person (B) may be good at execution but not creative enough to bring new ideas. Thus we can form a team where A will be given the responsibility of generating new ideas whereas B will be given the responsibility of executing them. Consumers use this technique while making purchase decisions. Fishbone Diagram It is also known as a cause-effect diagram. These diagrams are used for quality control in organizations. The problem statement is considered the effect. A horizontal arrow is made and the problem is written against the horizontal line. This resembles the spine and head of the fish (Yazdani and Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, 2012) Brainstorming is done to identify all possible factors that affect the problem. For example, for service related problem, people, technology, procedures, and policies are selected as factors. All the identified factors are written against branches extending from the horizontal arrow. Now for each identified factor (in step-2), brainstorming is done to identify the causes of the problem. They are represented by horizontal lines extending from branches. Following was the impact of implementing the strategy decided on the basis of fish bone diagram and 5-step process: The couple consulted a travel agent and communicated the maximum budget they had set for the hotel i.e. 250 pounds a day (Yazdani and Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, 2012). They travel agent gave them a list of 5 hotels that were available within the given budget. 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